A lot of people have lower back pain. Most of the time, it’s because of minor injuries or overuse, but sometimes there’s no apparent reason. Lower back pain is another sign that something is wrong with your health.
Sprains and strains often cause lower back pain. A muscle or tendon strain occurs when the tissue is stretched too far or torn. Injuries to ligaments are known as sprains. Back sprains and strains can be caused by overuse, sports injuries, awkward twisting, lifting things the wrong way, or too much.
Why do you have low back pain?
Common causes of low back discomfort include:
Sprains, strains, and muscle spasms Most lower back pain comes from muscle or tendon strains, sprains, and ligament sprains. Most of the time, overuse is to blame.
The problem with the discs: Even if the word makes you feel worried, all it means is that you have a broken disc and are in pain. Wear and tear cause discs to thin out and flatten out over time. Because of this, they can’t protect the spine and are more likely to tear.
The bulging of the disc: Over time, the coating on the intervertebral discs might start to tear. When this happens, the soft inner disc tissue may be able to break through the tough outer layer. A disc that sticks out or moves out of place is called a herniated disc, bulging disc, or slipping disc. The herniation may put pressure on nerve roots in the area that the nerve serves, causing pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness.
Sciatica: A pinched or irritated sciatic nerve is what causes pain. From your lower back, this nerve runs down each leg to your hips and buttocks. Even though your doctor may call it “lumbar radiculopathy,” most people call pain in the lower back that goes down the leg “sciatica.”
Spondylolisthesis: When a vertebra moves forward and out of place, it throws off the alignment of your spine and could cause nerve roots to be crushed. It can happen anywhere along the spine, but the lumbar area is where it occurs most often. This slippage is usually caused by a broken spine or a worn-out disc (pars fracture or spondylolysis).
Spinal canal narrowing is vertebral stenosis: A herniated disc usually causes it, but bone spurs caused by spinal osteoarthritis can also cause it (aka spondylosis). As a result, your spinal nerves may experience uncomfortable pressure. Spinal stenosis can happen anywhere along the spine, but it is most common in the lower back.
Scoliosis is a problem with the spine: Scoliosis is the most common kind of spine deformity. One or more curves cause it to the left or right. Some other strange angles are:
- Lordosis causes a curved lower back.
- Kyphosis causes a curved upper back.
Surgery for low back pain:
Most people with pain in their lower back do not need spinal surgery. If needed, your doctor will suggest a treatment plan based on your symptoms and health condition. Some standard procedures for the spine are:
The fusing of the bones in the back. Two or more vertebrae may be permanently fused to limit the amount of movement the spine can. Your surgeon will use bone-like material, screws, plates, and rods to hold the vertebrae together so they can heal as a single unit. In severe spinal osteoarthritis or torn discs, spinal fusion may be done to make the spine more stable or fix spinal deformities.
You can cut laminates or take them off. During a laminectomy, the back part of one or more vertebrae is removed to make room for the spinal cord or other nerves. When a person has severe arthritis, the spinal canal can make bone spurs that grow and press on the spinal cord, causing pain and making it hard to move around. During a laminotomy, your doctor will cut out a thin piece of bone called the lamina from the back of your spine.
Discectomy and microscopic discectomy If a herniated disc in your lower back is causing significant problems, like pain or loss of feeling, your doctor may suggest surgery to remove a piece of the damaged disc. Your doctor will do discectomy surgery on your back when they make standard cuts in your back. A microdiscectomy is a specific kind of surgery in which the patient is only exposed to a small amount of blood loss and discomfort resulting from the procedure. Microdiscectomy has made discectomies less common because it is safe, effective, easy to do, and has a low rate of complications.
Plasminogen-rich plasma (PRP): In PRP treatments, a small amount of your blood is used, with many platelets. Then, your doctor will immediately put the PRP into a damaged disc. PRP injections use your body’s natural way of healing to help injured tendons, ligaments, muscles, and joints heal faster.
One study found that PRP therapy for back pain may be helpful, even though it has been used for knee osteoarthritis for longer. Before PRP can be called a tried-and-true treatment, much more research must be done.
Stem cells During this cutting-edge treatment, your doctor will put stem cells from your hip into the intervertebral disc or discs that are hurt. As with PRP, more research is needed before stem cells for lower back pain become the standard of care. However, using stem cells for lower back pain may help relieve pain and slow aging.
Acupuncture: Even though most doctors don’t do acupuncture, your doctor may suggest you try it as an additional treatment. Tiny, clean needles are carefully placed in certain body parts for acupuncture. This could make your body give off its painkillers.
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